Framing an oil painting isn’t just about aesthetics—it’s about preserving the artwork for years to come. Knowing how to frame oil paintings correctly ensures they’re protected from damage while being displayed in a way that complements their style.
From choosing the right frame material and depth to deciding whether or not to use glass, each decision impacts both the visual presentation and longevity of the piece.
In this guide, I’ll walk you through essential steps, including the frame assembly, proper hanging hardware, and protecting the artwork with archival materials.
By the end, you’ll know exactly what to consider when framing an oil painting, whether it’s a contemporary piece or a traditional canvas.
Choosing the Right Frame
Material
The frame’s material plays a crucial role in both aesthetic appeal and protection. When working with oil paintings, the durability and strength of the frame matter as much as the visual compatibility with the artwork.
Wooden frames, especially those with intricate detailing or antique designs, are often the go-to. They provide the classic, traditional look that many oil paintings demand.
Oak, walnut, and mahogany are popular choices. If you’re aiming for a more contemporary look, you might opt for simple, sleek gallery frames. On the other hand, metal frames are rarer for oil paintings but can offer a modern edge in some cases.
Choose a material that complements the artwork, not just in color but in texture and style. The right frame should elevate the painting, making it the focal point without overwhelming it.
Frame Style
Style matters. A Baroque frame won’t fit a minimalist painting, and a modern, thin frame won’t do justice to a grand, detailed landscape.
So, you need to match the frame style to the artwork’s tone and period. Antique oil paintings usually pair best with ornate, gilded frames. These frames often feature intricate carvings and rich, golden finishes, enhancing the traditional feel of the piece.
For modern pieces, a contemporary frame with clean lines, such as a thin, black canvas framing option, will maintain the painting’s focus without adding unnecessary noise. Remember, the idea is to complement, not compete. When in doubt, visit a frame shop to see how different styles look alongside your painting.
Frame Size
Size isn’t just about fitting the painting; it’s about proportion. A large painting with a too-thin frame will look underwhelming, while a small painting with an oversized frame might seem lost. You want to ensure the frame dimensions create a balanced presentation.
There’s also the depth of the frame to consider, particularly for canvas framing. If the canvas is thick or textured, you’ll want a deeper frame to ensure the artwork sits securely.
A shadow box frame might work well for thicker canvases, giving the painting some breathing room while offering an extra touch of elegance.
Glass or No Glass
When it comes to oil paintings, using glass is usually not recommended. Oil paintings need to breathe. Trapping them behind glass could potentially damage the surface by trapping moisture or slowing the paint’s natural curing process.
Instead, conservation framing techniques suggest avoiding glass entirely. If protection from dust is a concern, a linen liner or frame spacers can create a small gap between the artwork and the outside world.
In cases where you absolutely must use glass, consider UV-resistant glass or acrylic that reduces light exposure, but make sure there’s adequate space between the painting and the glass surface. Always avoid glass that touches the canvas directly.
Pitfalls to Avoid
A common mistake is selecting a frame based on its look alone without considering the long-term preservation of the painting.
Choose the wrong material, and you risk frame deterioration over time, leading to damage. Similarly, too heavy a frame can make it difficult to hang securely, causing stress to the artwork.
Another pitfall is using a frame molding that doesn’t suit the painting’s proportions. Oversized frames can overwhelm smaller pieces, and thin, delicate frames can disappear when paired with large, dramatic works.
Finally, resist the temptation to skimp on quality. Cheaper frames might look fine at first but can warp, discolor, or fail to protect your artwork over time. Archival framing materials are always worth the investment when it comes to valuable oil paintings.
Measuring and Preparing the Painting for Framing
Measuring the Dimensions
When preparing to frame an oil painting, precise measurements are essential. Start by measuring the canvas. You’ll need the exact height and width to ensure the frame fits snugly.
Use a tape measure to capture these dimensions down to the millimeter. The frame should complement the painting without overwhelming it, so getting the measurements wrong could lead to issues later.
Measure from the outer edges of the stretched canvas, not just the image area. If you’re using gallery wrap or the painting has canvas mounting, include these in your measurements since the canvas itself will define the framing space.
If your oil painting has an irregular shape or is mounted on a canvas board, the process stays the same. Focus on the longest edges for rectangular or square measurements. For non-traditional shapes, the widest points will dictate the frame size.
Preparing the Painting
Before placing the painting into a frame, inspect the surface for any issues. Oil paintings take time to fully dry and cure—this process can take years. Make sure the painting is no longer tacky to the touch. The last thing you want is a frame sticking to a damp painting.
If the canvas is loose, consider restretching it. Loose canvases might sag over time, making the painting look unprofessional. Use canvas stretching techniques to tighten it up, or take it to a professional framer if you’re unsure how to proceed.
Canvas framing usually doesn’t require glass. Oil paintings need to breathe. Adding a glass barrier could trap moisture or lead to cracking in the paint surface. Frame backing and frame spacers can offer additional support if needed, without enclosing the painting entirely.
Check the condition of the edges. If the canvas shows any fraying, you may need to trim or reinforce it. When mounting oil paintings, especially if the frame will leave parts of the edge exposed, you don’t want unsightly imperfections ruining the presentation.
Pitfalls to Avoid
Avoid measuring only the visible part of the painting. Forgetting to account for the canvas depth could mean the painting won’t sit flush with the frame. This is especially problematic if you’re using deep frames or shadow box frames.
Protecting Your Oil Painting During Framing
Handling the Painting
Touching the surface of an oil painting directly is always risky. The oils can stay soft for a while, and your fingers leave oils and dirt behind.
Use cotton gloves when handling the artwork, and hold it by the edges of the canvas or stretcher bars. Never touch the painted surface. Even when it feels dry to the touch, the paint continues to cure for years.
Lay it on a clean, flat surface, face-up, to avoid any accidental contact that could cause damage. If you need to place it face-down, make sure it rests on a clean cloth or foam to avoid scratches or pressure marks.
Choosing Frame Materials
The frame itself can either protect or harm the painting. If you’re going for wooden frames, which are common for oil paintings, make sure the wood is sealed. Raw wood contains acids that could deteriorate the paint or canvas over time.
Look for archival framing materials—frames that are acid-free and designed specifically for artwork preservation.
Avoid cheap framing materials that aren’t meant for long-term conservation. Plastic or low-quality frames may degrade over time, releasing harmful chemicals or breaking down in ways that damage the artwork.
Using the Right Backing and Matting
Although oil paintings don’t typically require glass, you’ll still want to protect the back of the painting.
Use frame backing made from acid-free materials like archival mat boards to shield the painting from dust, debris, and environmental pollutants. A solid backing also prevents the canvas from stretching or warping over time, maintaining the painting’s integrity.
If the frame requires matting, acid-free mats are essential to avoid chemical reactions that could harm the painting. Make sure the mat doesn’t touch the painting’s surface directly, as oil paint can transfer onto the mat or cause sticking over time.
Avoiding Contact with Glass
Glass is a tricky material when it comes to framing oil paintings. Oil needs airflow to continue curing.
If glass is used, it can trap moisture, leading to cracking or mold growth on the paint surface. To avoid this, use frame spacers or a linen liner to create distance between the painting and the glass if you absolutely must frame it with glass.
Glass may offer UV protection, but acrylic glazing with UV resistance is a safer option if you need to protect the painting from light exposure.
Still, it’s better to avoid glass entirely unless the painting will be displayed in an environment where dust or extreme conditions are a major concern.
Pitfalls to Avoid
Never use non-archival materials directly against the canvas. These can degrade and damage the oil painting over time. Also, avoid frames that are too tight around the artwork; the painting needs room to breathe and adjust to environmental changes.
Framing Process: Step-by-Step
Step 1: Measure the Painting
First things first, measure the canvas. Use a precise tape measure and get the height, width, and depth of the painting. Include the stretched canvas and any frame or liner you might have already installed.
You’ll need these measurements to ensure the frame fits perfectly. If your painting is mounted on a canvas board, measure it the same way, keeping in mind that the frame should have a snug fit but not press too tightly against the edges.
Step 2: Choose the Frame
Based on your measurements, select a frame that complements the painting. For oil paintings, wooden frames are typically the best choice. They provide strength and aesthetics.
However, make sure the wood is sealed to avoid acids seeping into the painting over time. Select archival framing materials that can preserve the painting’s integrity.
Frame molding with intricate carvings works well for traditional art, while sleek contemporary frames suit modern styles. Just make sure the frame complements, rather than competes with, the artwork.
Step 3: Assemble the Frame
Lay out all the pieces. You’ll want to assemble the frame first without the painting to ensure everything fits together perfectly. Start by attaching the frame corners securely. Most frames come with corner joints that slot into each other.
If not, you may need to use brackets or nails. Check the corners for alignment. The frame should be sturdy enough to hold the weight of the painting, especially if you’re working with deep frames or heavy materials.
Step 4: Prepare the Backing
For protection, use an acid-free backing. This can be archival mat boards or another protective layer designed to prevent dust and debris from reaching the back of the painting. Cut the backing to match the dimensions of the painting.
Frame backing is essential to keep the canvas from sagging or warping over time, especially if you’re working with a large or older painting. Make sure the backing material is secured with frame spacers or attached firmly to the back of the frame.
Step 5: Insert the Painting
Carefully place the painting into the frame. Make sure the painting sits evenly within the frame’s rebates (the lip where the artwork rests). If it’s a deep frame, ensure the canvas fits comfortably without being pressed too tightly.
If needed, use additional frame spacers to prevent the painting from shifting. Avoid applying too much pressure to the edges of the canvas, as this can distort the artwork over time.
Step 6: Secure the Artwork
Once the painting is in place, secure it using frame hardware such as clips, nails, or brackets.
These will keep the painting firmly attached to the frame. Be sure the hardware doesn’t apply direct pressure to the canvas surface itself; always work around the stretcher bars or frame edges. If the canvas isn’t held in place correctly, it can shift over time, leading to damage or misalignment.
Step 7: Add Hanging Hardware
Now that the painting is framed, it’s time to attach the hanging hardware. Use D-rings or hanging wire for stability.
The key here is to position the hardware slightly above the center of the frame’s back to prevent the artwork from tilting forward once it’s hung. Ensure the hardware is sturdy enough to hold the weight of the frame. Heavy oil paintings will need strong, durable hanging systems like French cleats.
Step 8: Final Check
Before you consider the framing complete, do a final check. Look at the painting from all angles, ensuring the molding, painting, and backing are properly aligned. Adjust the hanging system if necessary.
Verify that the frame fits snugly, there’s no visible gap between the canvas and the frame, and the painting isn’t at risk of shifting or falling.
Pitfalls to Avoid
Never overlook the importance of using archival materials. Using non-archival mats or backing can damage your painting over time due to acid or poor-quality materials.
Additionally, avoid using glass for oil paintings unless absolutely necessary. If you must use glass, use frame spacers to keep the painting from touching the surface.
Hardware and Mounting Techniques
D-Rings and Hanging Wire
When framing an oil painting, the most reliable method for hanging is using D-rings and hanging wire. D-rings are attached to the back of the frame, usually about one-third down from the top.
Make sure they’re securely fastened into the frame molding, not just the backing. Using screws instead of nails provides better long-term stability.
Once the D-rings are in place, you’ll want to thread hanging wire through them. Choose a wire rated for a weight well above what your framed painting weighs.
For oil paintings, this is critical, especially if the painting has a thick or heavy frame. Twist the ends of the wire tightly, but leave a little slack in the middle to give the wire flexibility when hung.
French Cleat
If you’re dealing with a particularly large or heavy painting, a French cleat is one of the best mounting options. It’s a two-part system: one piece attaches to the wall, and the other to the back of the frame. The two pieces then slot into each other, providing a strong, level mount.
This method ensures that the painting stays flush against the wall without tilting or moving. It’s also easier to adjust the positioning of the artwork if needed. You can even find cleats that come with additional frame spacers, making it easier to manage larger works.
Screw Eyes and Hooks
An alternative method, though less commonly used now, involves screw eyes. These are small, circular hooks that you screw into the frame molding.
Similar to D-rings, you can attach hanging wire through the screw eyes and mount the painting using regular hooks on the wall. This method works for smaller oil paintings or those framed in lightweight materials.
However, screw eyes don’t offer the same level of stability as D-rings or cleats, especially for heavier works. Over time, they may loosen or cause strain on the frame, leading to damage or sagging.
Pitfalls to Avoid
Never underestimate the weight of your framed oil painting. Using insufficient hanging systems can lead to disaster. Cheap, weak hardware may fail, sending your artwork crashing to the ground.
Additionally, avoid placing screw eyes or D-rings too close to the top of the frame, as this can cause the painting to tilt forward once it’s hung.
Hanging Your Framed Oil Painting
Finding the Right Spot
Before you even think about grabbing a hammer, take a good look at your space. You’ve got to choose a wall that can handle the weight of the framed painting and offers proper lighting.
Oil paintings, especially larger ones in wooden frames, can get pretty heavy, so the wall needs to be solid—drywall alone won’t cut it without extra support.
Avoid hanging your painting in direct sunlight. Even if you’ve used UV-resistant glass or acrylic glazing, constant exposure to light can still fade the colors and damage the canvas over time.
Same goes for humid areas—places like bathrooms are a no-go, as moisture can warp both the frame backing and the painting itself.
Measuring and Marking
Grab a tape measure. You’ll need to find the exact center of the wall space and mark where the top of the frame will sit. Ideally, the center of the painting should be at eye level, around 57 to 60 inches from the floor, but this can vary based on the room and the furniture around it.
Once you’ve decided on the placement, mark where the hanging hardware will meet the wall.
If you’re using D-rings and hanging wire, pull the wire taut as it would be when hung, and measure the distance from the top of the frame to where the wire would meet the wall. This avoids any frustrating adjustments after you’ve already drilled.
Installing the Wall Hardware
For heavier oil paintings, use anchors or studs in the wall. This ensures that the weight won’t rip the hooks or nails out over time. Choose picture hooks rated for at least double the weight of the framed painting to be safe.
If you’re using a French cleat system, you’ll need to install one half of the cleat on the wall and the other on the back of the frame. Make sure the wall cleat is level—no one wants a crooked painting.
Hanging the Painting
Once the hardware is secure, it’s time to hang the painting. Slowly lift it, using both hands to guide it onto the hooks or the cleat. With D-rings and wire, you’ll feel the wire catch on the hooks—make sure it’s even, then step back to check if it’s level.
If it’s not, adjust the position on the wire slightly. Heavy frames tend to settle after a while, so give it a day and check if it needs to be repositioned.
Pitfalls to Avoid
Don’t hang your painting without checking the weight capacity of your wall anchors or hooks. Underestimating the weight can lead to your painting crashing down, damaging both the artwork and your wall.
Also, avoid hanging oil paintings too high—it’s a common mistake that makes the artwork feel disconnected from the room. Keep it at a comfortable viewing height.
Hanging Oil Paintings Without a Frame
Canvas Hanging Techniques
Hanging an oil painting without a frame changes things. It’s minimalist, direct, and keeps the focus on the canvas itself. For this, the stretcher bars take on more importance, and you’ve got a couple of options for getting that unframed look right.
Direct wall mounts are simple. You can screw small hooks or nails into the wall and rest the stretcher bars directly on them.
Make sure the nails are level and strong enough to support the weight of the canvas.
But here’s the thing—those stretcher bars need to be sturdy, especially if the painting is large or heavy. A warped or sagging stretcher will ruin the look.
Alternatively, use canvas clips. These small metal clips screw into the wall and clamp onto the edges of the canvas, keeping it suspended without additional hardware visible from the front. It’s a clean solution that leaves the painting floating just off the surface of the wall.
Wire and Hook Systems
You can still use a hanging wire on the back of the canvas, even without a frame. Just attach D-rings directly to the stretcher bars—make sure the bars are thick enough to handle the weight without cracking.
Then, thread the wire through and hang the painting using traditional wall hooks or screws.
Be cautious, though. Without the structural support of a frame, the stretcher bars bear the full weight of the canvas, so use hanging wire rated for heavier loads to avoid accidents.
The canvas will hang naturally, but the tension on the bars should be even, or you’ll risk distorting the shape over time.
Pitfalls to Avoid
Don’t hang unframed paintings in areas with heavy foot traffic or high humidity. Without the added protection of a frame, the canvas surface is fully exposed to dust, dirt, and potential damage.
Plus, skipping a frame means the stretcher bars are vulnerable—any knocks or pressure can lead to sagging or even tearing over time.
Advanced Tips for Custom Framing
Choosing the Right Mat Board
When you’re customizing a frame, the mat board is more than just a decorative border. It protects the surface of the painting by creating a gap between the artwork and the frame or glazing.
For oil paintings, you might think matting isn’t necessary, but in some cases—especially with canvas boards or thin works—it can add a level of sophistication.
Use archival matting, always. You want acid-free materials to prevent damage over time. Oil paintings don’t like being trapped, so avoid mats that sit directly on the surface. If you use one, make sure it’s cut with precision and offers enough breathing room.
Frame Depth and Spacers
Not all oil paintings are created equal. The depth of the frame matters, especially if the painting is on a thick canvas.
You don’t want a frame that crushes the edges. This is where frame depth comes in. Measure the thickness of the stretched canvas to select a frame deep enough to accommodate it without forcing the painting to fit.
If your frame isn’t deep enough, frame spacers can help. These are small, often invisible, strips that push the painting away from the glass or the frame edge, giving it that breathing room without sacrificing the overall look.
Linen Liners
Linen liners are a subtle, often overlooked addition to custom framing, but they can elevate an oil painting.
They act like a built-in mat but are far more elegant, often used to enhance the depth and texture of the frame itself. Linen liners give the artwork a softer, more traditional look.
They come in neutral tones, typically cream or off-white, which complement classic, more detailed paintings. Pair a linen liner with a gallery frame for a balanced, museum-quality finish.
Customizing Molding
The frame molding isn’t just a border; it’s an extension of the artwork. For custom framing, think about how the molding reflects the style of the piece.
Go for intricate, gilded molding for Renaissance-style oil paintings or choose sleek, minimal molding for modern works. Custom frames allow you to adjust every detail, from the thickness to the carvings, ensuring the frame serves the artwork without overshadowing it.
Make sure the molding complements the color palette of the painting. You can’t go wrong with antique frames if the artwork is traditional, but for something more contemporary, a clean, simple line works best.
Pitfalls to Avoid
Don’t skimp on the quality of the frame materials. Custom framing might be pricier, but if you cut corners with cheap materials, you’re setting the painting up for long-term damage. Low-quality frame backing can warp over time, and non-archival materials will lead to acid burns and discoloration.
FAQ on How To Frame Oil Paintings
What type of frame is best for oil paintings?
For oil paintings, wooden frames are usually the best choice due to their strength and aesthetic versatility. Antique frames work well for traditional pieces, while contemporary frames suit modern art. Always opt for frames that don’t touch the canvas to let the painting breathe and avoid damage.
Should I use glass to frame an oil painting?
No, glass is not typically recommended for framing oil paintings. Oils need airflow to continue curing. Trapping them behind glass could cause moisture buildup or cracking. If you need protection, use frame spacers or a linen liner to prevent direct contact between the canvas and the frame.
How do I measure an oil painting for framing?
Measure the canvas dimensions carefully, including the depth of the stretched canvas. Use a tape measure to get accurate width and height, and consider the thickness of the canvas for selecting a frame depth that fits without pressing against the painting.
What are archival materials, and why are they important?
Archival materials are acid-free and specifically designed to protect artwork from deterioration. Using archival mat boards and frame backing is essential to avoid discoloration and long-term damage to the painting. These materials prevent acids and environmental factors from damaging the canvas over time.
How do I hang a framed oil painting?
To hang a framed oil painting, use D-rings and a hanging wire attached to the back of the frame. Ensure the wall hardware is strong enough to hold the weight. For heavier works, a French cleat system provides better support, keeping the painting flush against the wall.
Can I frame my oil painting myself, or should I go to a professional?
You can frame your own painting if you have the right materials and tools. However, for valuable or delicate pieces, visiting a professional framer ensures proper handling. They can advise on archival framing techniques and help you choose the best frame molding for your artwork.
What is the purpose of a linen liner?
A linen liner adds depth and texture to a framed oil painting. It acts as a built-in mat, creating space between the artwork and the frame. This is particularly useful for traditional pieces, enhancing the painting’s appearance without overpowering it like a more ornate frame molding might.
How do I protect the back of my oil painting?
Use frame backing made from acid-free materials to shield the back of the canvas from dust, dirt, and environmental damage. Proper backing also helps to maintain the structural integrity of the canvas and prevents stretching or warping over time, ensuring long-term protection.
Can I hang an oil painting without a frame?
Yes, you can hang an oil painting without a frame by using canvas clips, D-rings, or hanging wire directly on the stretcher bars. Make sure the hardware is strong enough to support the canvas, and avoid placing the painting in areas prone to high humidity or direct sunlight.
What are the pitfalls to avoid when framing oil paintings?
Avoid using cheap, non-archival materials, as they can cause damage over time. Also, don’t use a frame that is too tight, which can lead to warping. Finally, ensure that the painting isn’t exposed to direct sunlight or humidity, which can cause fading and deterioration.
Conclusion
Framing oil paintings is about more than just aesthetics—it’s about ensuring long-term protection and enhancing the artwork’s presentation.
Whether you’re working with custom frames, selecting archival materials, or figuring out the proper frame depth, knowing how to frame oil paintings correctly can make all the difference.
Focus on choosing the right frame molding, considering linen liners or spacers if needed, and always avoid using glass unless absolutely necessary.
To hang the piece, use sturdy hanging hardware like D-rings or a French cleat, depending on the weight and size of the artwork. Protect the back of the canvas with frame backing and avoid exposing it to direct sunlight or humidity.
Each detail—from the type of wooden frame to the canvas stretching—plays a role in preserving the integrity of the oil painting, making framing a critical step in displaying and protecting your artwork.
